The BibleTexts.com Bible Commentary Copyright 1996-2005 Robert Nguyen Cramer THE BOOK OF JOSHUA |
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6:1-27, The Destruction of Jericho. It has already been noted that the story of Jericho is not a simple historical description, but a recollection carried on in ritual celebration. The description of priests bearing the Ark, the blowing of the shophar (rams horn), the prescribed order and times for encircling the city, and the observance of days are all from the rubrics of ritual celebration. The additions from a later age are also evident in v. 25, where it is noted that Rahabs family continued to a later time in Israel.
Whether the conquest of this city is to be taken largely as a later liturgical creation or whether this town actually fell to Israel will remain a debated problem for a long time to come. Here is a case where archaeology cannot seem to resolve the problem. The excavator of Jericho, Kathleen Kenyon, held that the archaeological evidence is unclear about whether a city existed on the site at the time of Joshuas conquest.A more serious problem in the narrative, however, is the motif of the commanded destruction of everything in Jericho except those items earmarked for the Lords treasury (vv. 18-19). This notion, called the ban, is found often in the conquest narrative and is an element in the institution of holy war. The idea was important to the Deuteronomistic historians because they were convinced that Israels failure had come from intermingling with the religious culture of the Canaanites. According to them, therefore, everything belonging to a captured Canaanite city such as Jericho was to have been offered to God through destruction. Had Israel carried this out throughout its history, as Joshua led them to do earlier, it would have removed this danger and even warded off the eventual destruction of both kingdoms (see Deut. 20).
As unsettling as the ban is to the modern Western ear, it, like holy war, fostered an absolute confidence that God was indeed directing all that was occurring. In the account of Jericho each step was prescribed and the outcome was preordained; all that Israel needed to do was to follow. Because Joshua had such undaunted faith in this divine guidance in the war, he was not only successful, but his reputation became great throughout the land (v. 27).
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This section gives the impression of being out of place. The account may, however, make sense if it is recalled that in Deut. 27:1-8 Moses commanded Israel, once they entered the land, to build an altar on Mount Ebal and to set up stones with the Torah written on them. Apparently it was thought that this would be an appropriate place for the tradition that Joshua fulfilled this dictate, despite the fact that the rest of the chapter has nothing to do with either Shechem or Mount Ebal.
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1996-2002 Robert Nguyen Cramer
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