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Jesus'
teachings on 4 of the Ten Commandments
that
the gospels specificially singled out for comment
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Contents
of this webpage
The texts for the following
Bible passages are from the Today's English Version, copyrighted and
published in 1992 by the American Bible Society. Used by permission.
4th
Commandment: OBSERVE THE SABBATH DAY AND KEEP IT HOLY
- Exo
20:8-11 (also found at Deu 5:12-15)
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Jesus'
teachings about the 4th Commandment
- Mat
12:1-8
- "The
Question about the Sabbath" - 1 Not long afterward Jesus was
walking through some wheat fields on a Sabbath.
His disciples were hungry, so they began to pick heads of wheat and eat
the grain. 2 When the Pharisees saw this, they said to Jesus, "Look,
it is against our Law for your disciples to do this on the Sabbath!"
3 Jesus answered, "Have you never read what David did that time when
he and his men were hungry? 4 He went into the house of God, and he and
his men ate the bread offered to God, even though it was against the Law
for them to eat it -- only the priests were allowed to eat that bread. 5
Or have you not read in the Law of Moses that every Sabbath
the priests in the Temple actually break the Sabbath
law, yet they are not guilty? 6 I tell you that there is something here
greater than the Temple. 7 The scripture says, "It is kindness that
I want, not animal sacrifices.' If you really knew what this means, you
would not condemn people who are not guilty; 8 for the Son of Man is Lord
of the Sabbath."
- Mat
12:10-13
- "The
Man with a Paralyzed Hand" - 9 Jesus left that place and went to
a synagogue, 10 where there was a man who had a paralyzed hand.
Some people were there who wanted to accuse Jesus of doing wrong, so they
asked him, "Is it against our Law to heal on the Sabbath?"
11 Jesus answered, "What if one of you has a sheep and it falls into
a deep hole on the Sabbath?
Will he not take hold of it and lift it out? 12 And a man is worth much
more than a sheep! So then, our Law does allow us to help someone on the
Sabbath."
13 Then he said to the man with the paralyzed hand, "Stretch out your
hand." He stretched it out, and it became well again, just like the
other one. 14 Then the Pharisees left and
made plans to kill Jesus.
- Mat
24:20
- "The
Awful Horror" - 20 Pray to God that you will not have to run
away during the winter or on a Sabbath!
21 For the trouble at that time will be far more terrible than any there
has ever been, from the beginning of the world to this very day. Nor will
there ever be anything like it again. 22 But God has already reduced the
number of days; had he not done so, nobody would survive. For the sake of
his chosen people, however, God will reduce the days. 23 "Then, if
anyone says to you, "Look, here is the Messiah!' or "There he
is!' -- do not believe him. 24 For false Messiahs and false prophets will
appear; they will perform great miracles and wonders in order to deceive
even God's chosen people, if possible. 25 Listen! I have told you this ahead
of time.
- Mar
1:21-27
- "A
Man with an Evil Spirit" - 21 Jesus and his disciples came to
the town of Capernaum, and on the next Sabbath
Jesus went to the synagogue and began to teach. 22 The people who heard
him were amazed at the way he taught, for he wasn't like the teachers of
the Law; instead, he taught with authority. 23 Just then a man with an evil
spirit came into the synagogue and screamed, 24 "What do you want with
us, Jesus of Nazareth? Are you here to destroy us? I know who you are --
you are God's holy messenger!" 25 Jesus ordered the spirit, "Be
quiet, and come out of the man!" 26 The evil spirit shook the man hard,
gave a loud scream, and came out of him. 27 The people were all so amazed
that they started saying to one another, "What is this? Is it some
kind of new teaching? This man has authority to give orders to the evil
spirits, and they obey him!" 28 And
so the news about Jesus spread quickly everywhere in the province of Galilee.
- Mar
2:23-28
- "The
Question about the Sabbath" - 23 Jesus was walking through some
wheat fields on a Sabbath.
As his disciples walked along with him, they began to pick the heads of
wheat. 24 So the Pharisees said to Jesus, "Look, it is against our
Law for your disciples to do that on the Sabbath!"
25 Jesus answered, "Have you never read what David did that time when
he needed something to eat? He and his men were hungry, 26 so he went into
the house of God and ate the bread offered to God. This happened when Abiathar
was the High Priest. According to our Law only the priests may eat this
bread -- but David ate it and even gave it to his men." 27 And Jesus
concluded, "The Sabbath
was made for the good of man; man was not made for the Sabbath.
28 So the Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath."
- Mar
3:1-5
- "The
Man with a Paralyzed Hand" - 1 Then Jesus went back to the synagogue,
where there was a man who had a paralyzed hand. 2 Some people were there
who wanted to accuse Jesus of doing wrong; so they watched him closely to
see whether he would cure the man on the Sabbath.
3 Jesus said to the man, "Come up here to the front." 4 Then he
asked the people, "What does our Law allow us to do on the Sabbath?
To help or to harm? To save a man's life or to destroy it?" But they
did not say a thing. 5 Jesus was angry as he looked around at them, but
at the same time he felt sorry for them, because they were so stubborn and
wrong. Then he said to the man, "Stretch out your hand." He stretched
it out, and it became well again. 6 So
the Pharisees left the synagogue and met at once with some members of Herod's
party, and they made plans to kill Jesus.
- Mar
6:2,3
- "Jesus
Is Rejected at Nazareth" - 1 Jesus left that place and went back
to his hometown, followed by his disciples. 2 On the Sabbath
he began to teach in the synagogue. Many people were there; and when they
heard him, they were all amazed. "Where did he get all this?"
they asked. "What wisdom is this that has been given him? How does
he perform miracles? 3 Isn't he the carpenter, the son of Mary, and the
brother of James, Joseph, Judas, and Simon? Aren't his sisters living here?"
And so they rejected him.
- Luk
4:16-22,31-32
- "Jesus
Is Rejected at Nazareth" - 16 Then Jesus went to Nazareth, where
he had been brought up, and on the Sabbath
he went as usual to the synagogue. He stood up to read the Scriptures 17
and was handed the book of the prophet Isaiah. He unrolled the scroll and
found the place where it is written, 18 "The Spirit of the Lord is
upon me, because he has chosen me to bring good news to the poor. He has
sent me to proclaim liberty to the captives and recovery of sight to the
blind, to set free the oppressed 19 and announce that the time has come
when the Lord will save his people." 20 Jesus rolled up the scroll,
gave it back to the attendant, and sat down. All the people in the synagogue
had their eyes fixed on him, 21 as he said to them, "This passage of
scripture has come true today, as you heard it being read." 22 They
were all well impressed with him and marveled at the eloquent words that
he spoke. They said, "Isn't he the son of Joseph?"
- "A
Man with an Evil Spirit" - 31 Then Jesus went to Capernaum,
a town in Galilee, where he taught the people on the Sabbath.
32 They were all amazed at the way he taught, because he spoke with authority.
33 In the synagogue was a man who had the
spirit of an evil demon in him; he screamed out in a loud voice, 34 "Ah!
What do you want with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Are you here to destroy us?
I know who you are: you are God's holy messenger!" 35 Jesus ordered
the spirit, "Be quiet and come out of the man!" The demon threw
the man down in front of them and went out of him without doing him any
harm.
- Luk
6:1-11
- "The
Question about the Sabbath" - 1 Jesus was walking through some
wheat fields on a Sabbath.
His disciples began to pick the heads of wheat, rub them in their hands,
and eat the grain. 2 Some Pharisees asked, "Why are you doing what
our Law says you cannot do on the Sabbath?"
3 Jesus answered them, "Haven't you read what David did when he and
his men were hungry? 4 He went into the house of God, took the bread offered
to God, ate it, and gave it also to his men. Yet it is against our Law for
anyone except the priests to eat that bread." 5 And Jesus concluded,
"The Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath."
- "The
Man with a Paralyzed Hand" - 6 On another Sabbath
Jesus went into a synagogue and taught. A man was there whose right hand
was paralyzed. 7 Some teachers of the Law and some Pharisees wanted a reason
to accuse Jesus of doing wrong, so they watched him closely to see if he
would heal on the Sabbath.
8 But Jesus knew their thoughts and said to the man, "Stand up and
come here to the front." The man got up and stood there. 9 Then Jesus
said to them, "I ask you: What does our Law allow us to do on the Sabbath?
To help or to harm? To save a man's life or destroy it?" 10 He looked
around at them all; then he said to the man, "Stretch out your hand."
He did so, and his hand became well again. 11 They were filled with rage
and began to discuss among themselves what they could do to Jesus.
- Luk
13:10-17
- "Jesus
Heals a Crippled Woman on the Sabbath" - 10 One Sabbath
Jesus was teaching in a synagogue. 11 A woman there had an evil spirit that
had kept her sick for eighteen years; she was bent over and could not straighten
up at all. 12 When Jesus saw her, he called out to her, "Woman, you
are free from your sickness!" 13 He placed his hands on her, and at
once she straightened herself up and praised God. 14 The official of the
synagogue was angry that Jesus had healed on the Sabbath,
so he spoke up and said to the people, "There are six days in which
we should work; so come during those days and be healed, but not on the
Sabbath!"
15 The Lord answered him, "You hypocrites! Any one of you would untie
his ox or his donkey from the stall and take it out to give it water on
the Sabbath. 16
Now here is this descendant of Abraham whom Satan has kept in bonds for
eighteen years; should she not be released on the Sabbath?"
17 His answer made his enemies ashamed of themselves, while the people rejoiced
over all the wonderful things that he did.
- Luk
14:1-6
- "Jesus
Heals a Sick Man" - 1 One Sabbath
Jesus went to eat a meal at the home of one of the leading Pharisees; and
people were watching Jesus closely. 2 A man whose legs and arms were swollen
came to Jesus, 3 and Jesus spoke up and asked the teachers of the Law and
the Pharisees, "Does our Law allow healing on the Sabbath
or not?" 4 But they would not say a thing. Jesus took the man, healed
him, and sent him away. 5 Then he said to them, "If any one of you
had a son or an ox that happened to fall in a well on a Sabbath,
would you not pull him out at once on the Sabbath
itself?" 6 But they were not able to answer him about this.
- Joh
5:1-18
- "The
Healing at the Pool" - 1 After this, Jesus went to Jerusalem
for a religious festival. 2 Near the Sheep Gate in Jerusalem there is a
pool with five porches; in Hebrew it is called Bethzatha. 3 A large crowd
of sick people were lying on the porches -- the blind, the lame, and the
paralyzed. 5 A man was there who had been sick for thirty-eight years. 6
Jesus saw him lying there, and he knew that the man had been sick for such
a long time; so he asked him, "Do you want to get well?" 7 The
sick man answered, "Sir, I don't have anyone here to put me in the
pool when the water is stirred up; while I am trying to get in, somebody
else gets there first." 8 Jesus said to him, "Get up, pick up
your mat, and walk." 9 Immediately the man got well; he picked up his
mat and started walking. The day this happened was a Sabbath,
10 so the Jewish authorities told the man who had been healed, "This
is a Sabbath,
and it is against our Law for you to carry your mat." 11 He answered,
"The man who made me well told me to pick up my mat and walk."
12 They asked him, "Who is the man who told you to do this?" 13
But the man who had been healed did not know who Jesus was, for there was
a crowd in that place, and Jesus had slipped away. 14 Afterward, Jesus found
him in the Temple and said, "Listen, you are well now; so stop sinning
or something worse may happen to you." 15 Then the man left and told
the Jewish authorities that it was Jesus who had healed him. 16 So they
began to persecute Jesus, because he had done this healing on a Sabbath.
17 Jesus answered them, "My Father is always working, and I too must
work." 18 This saying made the Jewish authorities all the more determined
to kill him; not only had he broken the Sabbath
law, but he had said that God was his own Father and in this way had made
himself equal with God.
- Joh
7:22-24
- "Jesus
at the Festival of Shelters" - 21 Jesus answered, "I performed
one miracle, and you were all surprised. 22 Moses ordered you to circumcise
your sons (although it was not Moses but your ancestors who started it),
and so you circumcise a boy on the Sabbath.
23 If a boy is circumcised on the Sabbath
so that Moses' Law is not broken, why are you angry with me because I made
a man completely well on the Sabbath?
24 Stop judging by external standards, and judge by true standards."
- Joh
9:1-16
- "Jesus
Heals a Man Born Blind" - 1 As Jesus was walking along, he saw
a man who had been born blind. 2 His disciples asked him, "Teacher,
whose sin caused him to be born blind? Was it his own or his parents' sin?"
3 Jesus answered, "His blindness has nothing to do with his sins or
his parents' sins. He is blind so that God's power might be seen at work
in him. 4 As long as it is day, we must do the work of him who sent me;
night is coming when no one can work. 5 While I am in the world, I am the
light for the world." 6 After he said this, Jesus spat on the ground
and made some mud with the spittle; he rubbed the mud on the man's eyes
7 and told him, "Go and wash your face in the Pool of Siloam."
(This name means "Sent.") So the man went, washed his face, and
came back seeing. 8 His neighbors, then, and the people who had seen him
begging before this, asked, "Isn't this the man who used to sit and
beg?" 9 Some said, "He is the one," but others said, "No
he isn't; he just looks like him." So the man himself said, "I
am the man." 10 "How is it that you can now see?" they asked
him. 11 He answered, "The man called Jesus made some mud, rubbed it
on my eyes, and told me to go to Siloam and wash my face. So I went, and
as soon as I washed, I could see." 12 "Where is he?" they
asked. "I don't know," he answered.
- "The
Pharisees Investigate the Healing" - 13 Then they took to the
Pharisees the man who had been blind. 14 The day that Jesus made the mud
and cured him of his blindness was a Sabbath.
15 The Pharisees, then, asked the man again how he had received his sight.
He told them, "He put some mud on my eyes; I washed my face, and now
I can see." 16 Some of the Pharisees said, "The man who did this
cannot be from God, for he does not obey the Sabbath
law." Others, however, said, "How could a man who is a sinner
perform such miracles as these?" And there was a division among them.
17 So the Pharisees asked the man once more, "You say he cured you
of your blindness -- well, what do you say about him?" "He is
a prophet," the man answered.
5th
Commandment: RESPECT YOUR FATHER AND YOUR MOTHER
-
Exo 20:12 (also found at Deu 5:16)
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Jesus'
teachings about the 5th Commandment
- Mat
15:4-9
- "The
Teaching of the Ancestors" - 3 Jesus answered, "And why do
you disobey God's command and follow your own teaching? 4 For God said,
"Respect
your father and your mother,' and "Whoever
curses his father or his mother is to be put to death.' 5 But you teach
that if a person has something he could use to help his father or mother,
but says, "This belongs to God,' 6 he does not need to honor his father.
In this way you disregard God's command, in order to follow your own teaching.
7 You hypocrites! How right Isaiah was when he prophesied about you! 8 "These
people, says God, honor me with their words, but their heart is really far
away from me. 9 It is no use for them to worship me, because they teach
man-made rules as though they were my laws!"
- Mar
7:9-13
- "The
Teaching of the Ancestors" - 9 And Jesus continued, "You
have a clever way of rejecting God's law in order to uphold your own teaching.
10 For Moses commanded, "Respect
your father and your mother,' and, "Whoever
curses his father or his mother is to be put to death.' 11 But you teach
that if a person has something he could use to help his father or mother,
but says, "This is Corban' (which means, it belongs to God), 12 he
is excused from helping his father or mother. 13 In this way the teaching
you pass on to others cancels out the word of God. And there are many other
things like this that you do."
6th
Commandment: DO NOT COMMIT MURDER - Exo 20:13 (also found at
Deu 5:17)
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Jesus'
teachings about the 6th Commandment
- Mat
5:21-24
- "Teaching
about Anger" - 21 "You have heard that people were told
in the past, "Do
not commit murder; anyone who does will be
brought to trial.' 22 But now I tell you: whoever is angry with his brother
will be brought to trial, whoever calls his brother "You good-for-nothing!'
will be brought before the Council, and whoever calls his brother a worthless
fool will be in danger of going to the fire of hell. 23 So if you are about
to offer your gift to God at the altar and there you remember that your
brother has something against you, 24 leave your gift there in front of
the altar, go at once and make peace with your brother, and then come back
and offer your gift to God.
7th
Commandment: DO NOT COMMIT ADULTERY -
Exo
20:14 (also found at Deu 5:18)
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Jesus'
teachings about the 7th Commandment
- Mat
5:27-32
- "Teaching
about Adultery" - 27 "You have heard that it was said,
"Do
not commit adultery.' 28 But now I tell you:
anyone who looks at a woman and wants to possess her is guilty of committing
adultery with her in his heart. 29 So if your
right eye causes you to sin, take it out and throw it away! It is much better
for you to lose a part of your body than to have your whole body thrown
into hell. 30 If your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw
it away! It is much better for you to lose one of your limbs than to have
your whole body go off to hell. 31 "It was also said, "Anyone
who divorces his wife must give her a written notice of divorce.' 32 But
now I tell you: if a man divorces his wife for any cause other than her
unfaithfulness, then he is guilty of making her commit
adultery if she marries again; and the man
who marries her commits adultery also.
- Mat
19:9
- "Jesus
Teaches about Divorce" - 7 The Pharisees asked him, "Why,
then, did Moses give the law for a man to hand his wife a divorce notice
and send her away?" 8 Jesus answered, "Moses gave you permission
to divorce your wives because you are so hard to teach. But it was not like
that at the time of creation. 9 I tell you, then, that any man who divorces
his wife for any cause other than her unfaithfulness, commits
adultery if he marries some other woman."
- Mar
10:11,12
- "Jesus
Teaches about Divorce" - 10 When they went back into the house,
the disciples asked Jesus about this matter. 11 He said to them,
"A man who divorces his wife and marries another woman commits
adultery against his wife. 12 In the same way,
a woman who divorces her husband and marries another man commits
adulter."
- Luk
16:18
- "Some
Sayings of Jesus" - 14 When the Pharisees heard all this, they
made fun of Jesus, because they loved money. 15 Jesus said to them, "You
are the ones who make yourselves look right in other people's sight, but
God knows your hearts. For the things that are considered of great value
by man are worth nothing in God's sight. 16 "The Law of Moses and the
writings of the prophets were in effect up to the time of John the Baptist;
since then the Good News about the Kingdom of God is being told, and everyone
forces his way in. 17 But it is easier for heaven and earth to disappear
than for the smallest detail of the Law to be done away with. 18 "Any
man who divorces his wife and marries another woman commits
adultery; and the man who marries a divorced
woman commits adultery.
- 1Co
7:10,11 [The words below in bold are the teachings of Jesus ("the
Lord"), as cited by Paul. (This letter of Paul actually pre-dated the
first gospel, Mark, by at least 15 or 20 years.) Though Paul's account of
Jesus' words does not mention the connection of divorce with committing
adultery, these verses do provide confirmation
of the consistency of Jesus' teachings on marriage.]
- "Questions
about Marriage" - 10 For married people I have a command
which is not my own but the Lord's: a wife must not leave her husband;
11 but if she does, she must remain single or else be reconciled to her
husband; and a husband must not divorce his wife. 12 To the others I
say (I, myself, not the Lord): if a Christian man has a wife who is an unbeliever
and she agrees to go on living with him, he must not divorce her. 13 And
if a Christian woman is married to a man who is an unbeliever and he agrees
to go on living with her, she must not divorce him. 14 For the unbelieving
husband is made acceptable to God by being united to his wife, and the unbelieving
wife is made acceptable to God by being united to her Christian husband.
If this were not so, their children would be like pagan children; but as
it is, they are acceptable to God. 15 However, if the one who is not a believer
wishes to leave the Christian partner, let it be so. In such cases the Christian
partner, whether husband or wife, is free to act. God has called you to
live in peace.
- Joh
8:1-11
- "The
Woman Caught in Adultery" - 1 {Then everyone went home, but
Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. 2 Early the next morning he went back
to the Temple. All the people gathered around him, and he sat down and began
to teach them. 3 The teachers of the Law and the Pharisees brought in a
woman who had been caught committing
adultery, and they made her stand before them
all. 4 "Teacher," they said to Jesus, "this woman was caught
in the very act of committing adultery.
5 In our Law Moses commanded that such a woman must be stoned to death.
Now, what do you say?" 6 They said this to trap Jesus, so that they
could accuse him. But he bent over and wrote on the ground with his finger.
7 As they stood there asking him questions, he straightened up and said
to them, "Whichever one of you has committed no sin may throw the first
stone at her." 8 Then he bent over again and wrote on the ground. 9
When they heard this, they all left, one by one, the older ones first. Jesus
was left alone, with the woman still standing there. 10 He straightened
up and said to her, "Where are they? Is there no one left to condemn
you?" 11 "No one, sir," she answered. "Well, then,"
Jesus said, "I do not condemn you either. Go, but do not sin again."}
- "Divorce
as understood by the earliest Christians"
- "Adultery:
the physical act, the thought, or divorce & remarriage:
The three forms of adultery described by Jesus in the gospels -- and one's
means of defense against, rescue from, and salvation from adultery"
- "Marriage"
(a topical index of online articles)
Other
commandments to which Jesus referred alongside of other commandments
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[Commandments
#5, 6, 7, 8 , and 9]
- [Jesus'
teachings about the 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th Commandments]
- Mat 19:18,19
- Mar 10:19
- Luk 18:20
[all
Commandments]
- [Jesus'
teachings about all 10 Commandments]
Links
to some other related webpages
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- The
text of the Ten Commandments from the KJV, NRSV, and TEV
- References to the
Ten Commandments in the Bible and other writings
- Morality
and Ethics (a topical index of online articles)
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Copyright
1996-2004 Robert Nguyen Cramer
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